Alan L. Nager, Vincent J. Wang
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.09.046
Published online: October 26 2009
xThe purpose of this study is to test the efficacy of ultrarapidly infused vs rapidly infused intravenous (IV) hydration in pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis and moderate dehydration.
Xiaoguang Li, Rongsheng Zhao, Zelian Qin, Jie Zhang, Suodi Zhai, Yuqin Qiu, Yunhua Gao, Bai Xu, Stephen H. Thomas
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.10.001
Published online: October 26 2009
xMethods to facilitate topical anesthesia for venipuncture are characterized by substantial limitations. This randomized double-blind study was undertaken to assess whether use of a quickly and painlessly applied microneedle system (functional microarray, FMA) to create punctures in the stratum corneum facilitates topical anesthesia in healthy adults. In 25 volunteers receiving topical dyclonine, FMA was applied to one forearm and a sham device in the other, followed by assessment of pain levels associated with application of a standardized stimulus at 5-minute intervals over an hour.
Alberto Conti, Simone Vanni, Beatrice Del Taglia, Barbara Paladini, Simone Magazzini, Stefano Grifoni, Carlo Nozzoli, Gian Franco Gensini
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.10.023
Published online: October 19 2009
xTo derive and validate a prediction rule in patients with acute chest pain (CP) without existing known coronary disease.
Sheetal Rajpal, Raisuddin Ali, Aseem Bhatnagar, Sujit Kumar Bhandari, Gaurav Mittal
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.10.025
Published online: October 26 2009
xThe increased use of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides and the ever increasing possibility of terror groups using nerve agents underscore a need to develop effective and safe antidotes against OP poisoning. The objectives of the present study were to develop a novel atropine sulfate (AS) sublingual injection formulation, to create its bioavailability data in humans and to evaluate its suitability for field use with a view to obtain early therapeutic drug concentration in comparison to the conventional intramuscular route that provides a therapeutic peak of 6 to 8 ng/mL in blood at 30 minutes.
Jeffrey M. Caterino, Tricia Valasek, Howard A. Werman
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.10.027
Published online: October 26 2009
xThe chosen age cutoff for considering patients with trauma to be “elderly” has ranged from 55 to 80 years in trauma guidelines and studies. The goal of this study was to identify at what age mortality truly increases for older victims of trauma.
Johann Reisinger, Christine Gstrein, Thomas Winter, Eduard Zeindlhofer, Kurt Höllinger, Michael Mori, Alexandra Schiller, Andreas Winter, Helmut Geiger, Peter Siostrzonek
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.10.028
Published online: October 26 2009
xRecommendations for optimal first-shock energies with biphasic waveforms are conflicting. We evaluated prospectively the relation between type and duration of atrial tachyarrhythmias and the probability of successful cardioversion with a specific biphasic shock waveform to develop recommendations for the initial energy setting aiming at the lowest total cumulative energy with 2 or less consecutive shocks.
John R. Allegra, Barnet Eskin, Jeffery Kleinberg, Dennis G. Cochrane
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.10.035
Published online: October 26 2009
xA previous study showed that pulmonary edema patients presenting between noon and 4 pm have the highest rates of myocardial infarction and death. We hypothesized that the highest intubation rates would also occur at these times.
Søren Hjortshøj, Søren Risom Kristensen, Jan Ravkilde
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.10.038
Published online: October 26 2009
xIschemia-modified albumin (IMA) has been proposed as a useful rule-out marker for the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the emergency department. This study evaluated the ability of IMA to predict the acute myocardial infarction (AMI) diagnosis in a population of chest pain patients.
Hsing-Lin Lin, King-Teh Lee, Chao-Wen Chen, Liang-Chi Kuo, Yen-Ko Lin, Yuan-Chia Cheng, Wei-Che Lee
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.11.001
Published online: October 26 2009
xIn motorcycle accidents, especially in an urban area with lightweight motorcycles, the belly of the motorcyclist is not protected, and this makes this type of trauma a cause of blunt hepatic injuries. This study investigated the effect and safety of using nonoperative management and selective early angioembolization to treat patients with blunt liver injuries as a result of motorcycle accident.
Su-Kiat Chua, Kou-Gi Shyu, Jun-Jack Cheng, Jer-Young Liou, Sheng-Chang Lin, Huei-Fong Hung, Shih-Huang Lee, Chiung-Zuan Chiu, Huey-Ming Lo
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.11.010
Published in issue: February 2010
xLeft circumflex (LC)–related acute myocardial infarction (AMI) presenting without ST-T changes has been underdiagnosed in the emergency department. There is little information on its clinical features and significance.
Antonella Diamanti, Fiammetta Bracci, Antonino Reale, Massimo Crisogianni, Mara Pisani, Massimo Castro
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.11.016
Published online: October 26 2009
xThe study aimed to assess, in pediatric patients presenting to the emergency department (ED), the incidence of visit to the ED for functional constipation (FC), symptoms, signs of presentation, and management from ED physicians.
Henry R. Halperin, Kichang Lee, Menekhem Zviman, Uday Illindala, Albert Lardo, Aravindan Kolandaivelu, Norman A. Paradis
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2009.10.006
Published in issue: February 2010
xReturn of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) is improved by greater vital organ blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). We tested the hypothesis that myocardial flow above the threshold needed for ROSC may be associated with greater vital organ injury and worse outcome.
Bruce J. Kimura, Eyal Kedar, Danielle E. Weiss, Casey L. Wahlstrom, Donna L. Agan
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.10.006
Published online: October 26 2009
xThis study evaluated a simple ultrasound method to detect left atrial (LA) enlargement by comparing the diameters of the LA and aortic root.
Seth W. Glickman, Christopher Krubert, Joel Koppenhaver, Lawrence T. Glickman, Kevin A. Schulman, Charles B. Cairns
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.10.016
Published in issue: February 2010
xCentral venous catheterization (CVC) is integral to the emergency department (ED) treatment of critically ill patients, such as those receiving early goal-directed therapy for severe sepsis. No previous studies have described the overall use of CVC in community EDs. The objective of this study was to estimate the overall frequency and temporal trends in CVC use in a sample of patients visiting community EDs.
Amanda Seymour, Heather Abebe, Dan Pavlik, Alfred Sacchetti
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.10.018
Published online: October 26 2009
xThis study examines the necessity of a formal pelvic examination in patients with early pregnancy-related complaints and an intrauterine pregnancy on bedside ultrasound (US).
Jesse M. Pines, Anjeli Prabhu, Christine M. McCusker, Judd E. Hollander
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.10.030
Published online: October 26 2009
xWe studied if emergency department (ED) crowding affects the quality of resident and medical student education on individual patient encounters.
Sean O. Henderson, Terence L. Ahern
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.10.031
Published online: October 26 2009
xPeak flow is used extensively in emergency departments (EDs) to both assess asthma patient's status on arrival as well as to document clinical improvement during treatment. Many algorithms suggest serial peak expiratory flow (PEF) measurements during an ED stay.
Matthew B. Baird, Robert E. O'Connor, Allen L. Williamson, Benjamin Sojka, Kostas Alibertis, William J. Brady
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.10.034
Published online: October 26 2009
xOver the last 20 years, interest in medical need at mass events has increased. Many studies have been published identifying the characteristics of such events that significantly impact the number of patients who seek care. Investigators agree that weather is one of the most important variables. We performed a literature search using several biomedical databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, the Cochrane database, BMJ's Clinical Evidence compendium, and Google Scholar) for articles addressing the effect of weather on medical need at mass events.
Andrea Bellone, Massimiliano Etteri, Marco Vettorello, Vittorio Berruti, Carlo Maino, Massimo Mariani, Dante Clerici, Italo Nessi, Giancarlo Gini, Anna Natalizi, Pietro Brunati
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.11.002
Published online: October 26 2009
xIt has been established that plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentrations in patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ACPE) increase in proportion to heart failure.
Daniel K. Nishijima, Lorenzo Paladino, Richard Sinert
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.11.015
Published in issue: February 2010
xThere are no clear recommendations for the diagnostic evaluation of patients who present to the emergency department (ED) with asymptomatic elevated blood pressure. In patients presenting with asymptomatic elevated blood pressure in the ED, we measured the prevalence of abnormalities on a basic metabolic profile (BMP) that led to hospital admission as well as the prevalence of diminished renal function.
Paul E. Marik, Joseph Varon
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2009.11.014
Published in issue: February 2010
xEarly goal-directed therapy (EGDT) has become regarded as the standard of care for the management of patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. The elements of EGDT have been bundled together as the “Sepsis Bundle,” and compliance with the elements of the bundle is frequently used as an indicator of the quality of care delivered. The major elements of EGDT include fluid resuscitation to achieve a central venous pressure of 8 to 12 cm of water, followed by the transfusion of packed red cells or an inotropic agent to maintain the central venous oxygen saturation higher than 70%.
Pang Hee-Nee, Mong Rupeng, Vernon J. Lee, Wei-Chong Chua, Benjamin Seet
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2009.09.022
Published in issue: February 2010
xExertional heat illness (EHI) occurs mainly in active individuals pushed to their physical limits, resulting in overheating from generation of heat faster than what the body can dissipate [1]. The resultant dysfunction at cellular and organ level leads to a spectrum of diseases from minor heat cramps through heat exhaustion to life-threatening heatstroke [2]. In mass endurance events, runners with heat illnesses are typically treated with ice packs or cooled with ice water in the prehospital setting [3], before the more definitive methods of cooling by immersion in ice water [4] or body cooling units (BCUs) [5] in the hospitals.
Masaharu Tsubokura, Haruka Nakada, Tomoko Matsumura, Yuko Kodama, Masahiro Kami
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2009.10.013
Published in issue: February 2010
xPandemic H1N1 2009 influenza virus infection has been identified as the cause of a widespread outbreak of febrile respiratory tract infection. On June 11, 2009, the World Health Organization raised its pandemic alert to the highest level, phase 6.
Dustin G. Mark, William J. Brady, Jesse M. Pines
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2009.11.003
Published in issue: February 2010
xWe thank 
for their insightful comments on our article concerning the diagnosis and management of preexcitation in the emergency department [1]. We would like to clarify the following points: Oscar M.P. Jolobe
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2009.11.004
Published in issue: February 2010
xAlthough ventricular rates of the order of 190 beats/min or more are highly specific for atrial fibrillation (AF) attributable to Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome[1], the caveat is that ventricular rates of 160 to 190 beats/min can also occur in WPW-related AF [2], and at the lower end of this range, WPW-related AF has to be distinguished from AF occurring in patients with preexisting bundle branch block, given the fact that AF, in its own right, can generate ventricular rates of the order of 159 beats/min (SD, 16), sometimes blurring the distinction between irregularity and regularity of the ventricular rate [3].
Oscar M.P. Jolobe
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2009.11.007
Published in issue: February 2010
xThe subsequent management of splenic abscess that has fully resolved on antibiotic treatment [1] depends on the identity of the culprit pathogen. Due to the association of Streptococcus bovis with colorectal neoplasm [2], when this organism is the culprit pathogen either in splenic [3] or in hepatic abscess [4], this observation mandates a subsequent search for underlying colorectal neoplasm, the latter requiring surgical treatment in its own right even if the abscess, be it in spleen [3] or liver [4], has fully resolved.
Sylvia Archan, Rainer Gumpert
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2009.05.004
Published in issue: February 2010
xWe describe a case in which tracheal, esophageal, and spinal cord injuries associated with massive pneumocephalus were caused by a flying chainsaw segment. To our knowledge, this is the first such case reported in the medical literature. The management challenges inherent in this exceedingly rare combination of injuries are discussed, and a novel theory explaining the possible pathophysiological mechanism that led to pneumocephalus in our patient is put forth.
Ravneet K. Dhillon, Latha G. Stead
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2009.05.016
Published in issue: February 2010
xA 63-year-old white woman with a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism, and transient ischemic attack, on Premarin, presented with a 2-week history of worsening edema and pain on the left side of the lower extremity associated with purplish discoloration and decreased temperature after a prolonged car travel. Physical examination revealed 2+ edema from the midthigh to the toes associated with purpuric discoloration. All arterial pulses were 4+. Ultrasound examination demonstrated an acute deep vein thrombus extending from the external iliac veins down throughout the visualized veins of the left calf.
I-Jeng Yeh, Tzeng-Jih Lin, Daw-Yang Hwang
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2009.05.006
Published in issue: February 2010
xImidacloprid [1-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-N-nitroimidazolidin-2-ylideneamine] belongs to a relatively new class of insecticidal chemistry, the chloronicotinyl neonicotinoid compounds. Animal studies indicate relatively low toxicity to mammals due to nicotinic receptor resistance. Human poisoning is usually mild, and reports are quite limited. Here, we report a case of ingestion of alcohol with an insecticide containing imidacloprid. Clinical manifestation included mild disorientation, followed by bradycardia, ventricular arrhythmia, and cardiopulmonary arrest.
Jennifer Huang, Michael B. Stone
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2009.05.007
Published in issue: February 2010
xA 65-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with low back pain after being hit by a truck at low speed. Although her abdominal examination showed benign results, an extended Focused Assessment With Sonography in Trauma ultrasound examination was performed and incidentally demonstrated evidence of pneumobilia. There were no additional intra-abdominal injuries noted. Subsequent computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography confirmed these findings. The etiology of traumatic pneumobilia is discussed with a brief review of the literature on the subject.
Jean-Christophe Charniot, Noelle Vignat, Jean-Jacques Monsuez, Rachid Kidouche, Boryana Avramova, Jean-Yves Artigou, Jean-Paul Albertini
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2009.05.010
Published in issue: February 2010
xWe report a cardiac complication in a patient treated with regular doses of venlafaxine. A 49-year-old man with prior normal cardiac function and stable chronic hepatitis C was treated for a major depressive disorder with usual doses of venlafaxine during an 8-month period until the occurrence of a cardiogenic shock in a context of dilated cardiomyopathy. Three months after withdrawal of the drug, the left ventricular ejection fraction returned to normal values. Cardiomyopathy is a rare complication with high doses of venlafaxine that was not previously reported in patients free of prior cardiac disease and cardiomyopathy and treated with usual doses (initially 150 mg daily; after 3 months, 75 mg daily).
Stephen L. Rennyson, Laszlo Littmann
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2009.05.020
Published online: September 18 2009
xBrugada syndrome is characterized by the electrocardiographic (ECG) pattern of right bundle-branch block (RBBB) with a high take-off, coved ST-segment elevation in the precordial leads V1 to V3, and the risk of sudden cardiac death [1]. Typically, there is no evidence of structural heart disease. In many cases, Brugada syndrome has been linked to a mutation of the gene SCN5A, which encodes for the fast cardiac sodium channel. In patients with the Brugada syndrome, pharmacologic sodium channel blockade can increase the degree of ST-segment elevation [2].
Robb Wiegand, James Brown
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2009.06.010
Published in issue: February 2010
xIntravenous catheter malfunction causing extravasation is a common occurrence in the emergency department (ED). A 17-year-old girl who had a syncopal episode was given an ampule of dextrose 50% water into her antecubital region by emergency medical services. During her evaluation at the ED, she developed erythema and swelling in the antecubital region where the dextrose was given and extravasation was suspected. Most extravasations have relatively minor sequelae, but once an extravasation has occurred, damage can continue for months and involve nerves, tendons, and joints.
Sadik Acikel, Mehmet Dogan, Munevver Sari, Harun Kilic, Ramazan Akdemir
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2009.05.021
Published in issue: February 2010
xPrinzmetal-variant angina is a syndrome of chest pain caused by myocardial ischemia secondary to reversible coronary artery vasospasm, which may occur in angiographically normal and diseased coronary arteries. It typically occurs at rest and is accompanied by transient ST-segment elevation [1,2]. Although the underlying pathophysiology is not well established, coronary spasm secondary to increased serotonergic activity as well as increased sympathetic activity may prevail [2]. Coronary artery spasm can be invoked by antimigraine therapy and also by drugs having serotonergic activity such as ergonovine and ergotamine [2-6].
Paul E. Marik, Joseph Varon
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2009.05.023
Published in issue: February 2010
xTherapeutic hypothermia has been reported to improve the neurologic outcome of comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The use of therapeutic hypothermia in patients who have had an acute ischemic-hypoxic brain injury after a suicidal intoxication has not been previously reported.
Gagangeet Sandhu, Zhanna Servetnyk, Sherryl Croitor, Eyal Herzog
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2009.06.011
Published in issue: February 2010
xWe present a novel case of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, associated with worsening chest pain and T-wave inversions on electrocardiogram after atropine use. Our patient was an 82-year-old woman who complained of substernal chest discomfort of 5 hours duration. Atropine 0.5 mg was administered intravenously by the emergency medical service for symptomatic bradycardia. The patient subsequently complained of worsening chest pain and developed new T-wave inversions on the electrocardiogram. Cardiac catheterization was diagnostic and revealed normal coronary arteries but akinesis of the apical segment.
Young Mo Yang, Hee Bum Yang, Jung Soo Park, Hoon Kim, Suk Woo Lee, Jeong Hee Kim
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2009.06.012
Published in issue: February 2010
xDiaphragmatic rupture (DR) is most commonly seen after a blunt trauma. It rarely occurs spontaneously. Many cases of spontaneous DR followed by strenuous sports activity have been reported in the medical literature. However, there has been no previous report on a case of spontaneous DR after a static sport activity. We report the case of a 29-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department (ED) with pain in the epigastric area that started 1 day before visiting the ED during deep breathing in Pilates.
Ching-Chia Lo, Cheng-Ming Luo, Tuan-Jen Fang
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2009.06.024
Published online: September 18 2009
xThe calculated incidence of aberrant internal carotid artery in the oropharynx is approximately 5% in the general population. An experienced otolaryngologist is not always available in general hospital; therefore, some invasive procedures in the oropharynx, such as aspiration, incision/drainage, and biopsy, which were performed for general infectious diseases or tissue diagnosis, may have resulted in fatal complication in these patients with misdiagnosis. We report a case to reveal that the awareness of such an anatomical variation before performing oropharyngeal procedures remains crucial.
Ugur Goktas, Ismail Kati, Hasan Husnu Yuce
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2009.06.013
Published in issue: February 2010
xCarbamazepine (CBZ) is a commonly used antiepileptic agent. Common toxic effects include neurological abnormalities; ataxia, seizures, coma, cardiorespiratory problems; dysrhythmias; conduction disorders; respiratory depression; and eye abnormalities, such as nystagmus and ophthalmoplegia. Carbamazepine is highly protein bound. There is no antidote for the medication. Carbamazepine is not removed effectively through conventional hemodialysis. Supportive measures and charcoal hemoperfusion have been regarded as efficient treatment methods.
Ayman El-Menyar, Nissar Shaikh
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2009.06.025
Published in issue: February 2010
xNecrotizing fasciitis is a life-threatening infection of the fascia and subcutaneous tissues. We report on a 30-year-old-man with history of intramuscular injection resulted in gluteal abscess that progressed to necrotizing fasciitis. On admission, the patient developed circulatory collapse, severe left ventricular dysfunction, and ST-segment elevation in the inferior leads. Wound and blood cultures indicated staphylococcal infection. The clinical, laboratory, echocardiographic, and electrocardiographic features are discussed.
Yueh-Hsing Lin, Shey-Ying Chen, Kao-Lang Liu, I-Hui Wu, Shu-Chien Huang, Ai-Wey Ong, Wen-Chu Chiang, Cheng-Chung Fang
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2009.06.027
Published in issue: February 2010
xWe introduce a rare case of sudden paraplegia preceded by vigorous coughing. This case demonstrates that detachment of a myxoma fragment can possibly be triggered by an abrupt increase in intrathoracic pressure. It is a potential complication that has never been reported in the literature. This case illustrates that clinicians should consider cardiac myxoma in a patient with an embolic event of ambiguous etiology, especially when the event is preceded by a forceful, valsalva maneuver-like action.
Jennifer L. Wiler, Ronnie Shalev, Lisa Filippone
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2009.06.015
Published in issue: February 2010
xTuberculosis (TB) is the world's leading infectious disease killer after AIDS [Tubercle. 1991;72:1-6; Lancet. 2003;362(9387):887-899]. Vertebral TB is the most common form of skeletal TB [Spine. 1997; 22(15):1791-1797], whereas male genital TB is an uncommon form of extrapulmonary TB [Urol Clin North Am. 2003;30(1):111-121]. We present the case of a man who presented to the emergency department with a history of acute on chronic back pain and an incidental scrotal mass. He was subsequently diagnosed with tuberculosis spondylitis (Potts disease) and epididymal tuberculosis.
Scott W. Irvine, Randolph S. Devereaux, Henry E. Wang
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2009.06.016
Published in issue: February 2010
xThe diagnosis of abdominal pain is often difficult in the intrapartum and postpartum states. We describe an unusual case of postpartum appendicitis complicated by appendiceal rupture, abscess formation, and enterocutaneous umbilical drainage.
Henry David
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2009.06.018
Published in issue: February 2010
xA 5-year-old girl presented to the emergency department (ED) with a parental complaint of vomiting and seizure-like activity. The patient had been in her normal state of health before the onset of this activity and had had no recent illnesses. Shortly after the child had gone to bed, she awoke complaining of feeling sick to her stomach. Over several minutes the child became less responsive to questioning, followed by rightward eye and head deviation and vomiting. Following this, the child's eyes remained fixed in a rightward gaze and she was no longer responsive to questioning despite appearing awake.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-6757(09)00592-0
Published in issue: February 2010
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-6757(09)00593-2
Published in issue: February 2010
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-6757(09)00594-4
Published in issue: February 2010
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-6757(09)00595-6
Published in issue: February 2010
