Tetanus is a bacterial infection caused by Clostridium tetani and most commonly presents as trismus or other muscle spasms. Despite the development
of the tetanus toxoid vaccine, tetanus infection has not been eradicated. Additionally,
while there are hypothesized protective levels of tetanus antibody, tetanus infection
may still occur in properly vaccinated individuals.
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
One-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to The American Journal of Emergency MedicineAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Tetanus.in: Scheld W.M. Whitely R.J. Durack D.T. Infections of the central nervous system. 2nd ed. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia1997: 629-653
- Tetanus surveillance—United States, 2001-2008.MMWR. 2011; 60: 365-369
- Updated recommendations for use of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, 2011.MMWR. 2011; 60: 13-15
- Serologic therapy of tetanus in the United States, 1965-1971.JAMA. 1976; 235: 42-44
- Tetanus: the use of human hyperimmune globulin in treatment.Calif Med. 1963; 98: 305-307
HyperTET® [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NC. Grifols Therapeutics, Inc. 2012.
- Tetanus immunity: the resistance of guinea pigs to lethal spore doses induced by active and passive immunization.Am J Hyg. 1937; 25: 464-476
- Generalized tetanus despite prior vaccination and a protective level of anti-tetanus antibodies.Am J Med Sci. 2010; 339: 200-201
- Tetanus in a fully immunized child.J Emerg Med. 2005; 29: 345-346
- Tetanus despite preexisting antitetanus antibody.JAMA. 1978; 240: 769
- Clinical tetanus despite a protective level of toxin-neutralizing antibody.JAMA. 1986; 255: 1171-1173
- Severe tetanus in immunized patients with high anti-tetanus titers.Neurology. 1992; 42: 761-764
- Elevated antitoxin titers in a man with generalized tetanus.J Fam Pract. 1997; 44: 299-303
- Fatal tetanus in a drug abuser with “protective” antitetanus antibodies.J Emerg Med. 2000; 18: 189-193
- Tetanus in a renal transplant recipient exhibiting the presence of circulating antitetanus antibodies by ELISA.Biomed Pharmacother. 2002; 56: 208-210
- A case of clinical tetanus in a patient with protective antitetanus antibody level.South Med J. 2007; 100: 83
- Antitetanus antibodies: assay before anatoxinotherapy in 64 tetanus patients.Nouv Presse Med. 1972; 1: 3049-3050
- Neonatal tetanus despite protective serum antitoxin concentration.FEMS Microbiol Immunol. 1991; 3: 171-175
- Neonatal tetanus despite immunization and protective antitoxin antibody.J Infect Dis. 1995; 171: 1076-1077
Article Info
Publication History
Published online: November 11, 2013
Accepted:
October 8,
2013
Received:
October 4,
2013
Footnotes
☆Source of Support: None.
☆☆Prior Presentations: None.
Identification
Copyright
© 2014 Elsevier Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.