Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
Correspondence
Corresponding author at: Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael St, Suite 205M, Atlanta, GA 30322. Tel.: +1 404 712 2970; fax: +1 404 712 2974.
Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
Correspondence
Corresponding author at: Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael St, Suite 205M, Atlanta, GA 30322. Tel.: +1 404 712 2970; fax: +1 404 712 2974.
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Figures
Fig. 1
Patient selection†. Abbreviation: EMR, Emergency Medical Record.
†Inclusion criteria: age ≥ 18 y, EMS SBP < 110 mm Hg, EMS HR > 90 beats/min, EMS RR > 20 beats/min.
Fig. 2
Receiver operating characteristic curves for derivation and validation subgroups.*.
*AUC derivation, 0.843; AUC validation, 0.820.
Fig. 3
Prescreening flow sheet.
Abstract
Objective
To derive and validate a predictive model and novel emergency medical services (EMS) screening tool for severe sepsis (SS).
Design
Retrospective cohort study.
Setting
A single EMS system and an urban, public hospital.
Patients
Sequential adult, nontrauma, nonarrest, at-risk, EMS-transported patients between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2012 were included in the study. At-risk patients were defined as having all 3 of the following criteria present in the EMS setting: (1) heart rate greater than 90 beats/min, (2) respiratory rate greater than 20 beats/min, and (3) systolic blood pressure less than 110 mm Hg.
Interventions
None.
Measurements and Main Results
Among 66,439 EMS encounters, 555 met the criteria for analysis. Fourteen percent (n = 75) of patients had SS, of which 19% (n = 14) were identified by EMS clinical judgment. In-hospital mortality for patients with SS was 31% (n = 23). Six EMS characteristics were found to be predictors of SS: older age, transport from nursing home, Emergency Medical Dispatch (EMD) 9-1-1 chief concern category of “sick person,” hot tactile temperature assessment, low systolic blood pressure, and low oxygen saturation. The final predictive model showed good discrimination in derivation and validation subgroups (areas under curves, 0.843 and 0.820, respectively). Sensitivity of the final model was 91% in the derivation group and 78% in the validation group. At a predefined threshold of 2 or more points, prehospital severe sepsis (PRESS) score sensitivity was 86%.
Conclusions
The PRESS score is a novel EMS screening tool for SS that demonstrates a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 47%. Additional validation is needed before this tool can be recommended for widespread clinical use.
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