A flexible pressure sensor could correctly measure the depth of chest compression on a mattress
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Fig. 1
Schematic of the procedure used to measure the depth of CC. One marker of dual infrared camera was placed on the sidewall of the compression machine, and the other was placed on the lower side of the mannequin body wall. Chest compression was performed by a compression machine, and the pressure position and quality of CC depth were measured and analyzed using a flexible pressure sensor, CPRmeter™, and dual real-time auto feedback system for CCs that incorporated an infrared camera. Details of the equipment used are provided in the Methods section. Chest compression was performed on the floor (A) and on a mattress (B).
Fig. 2
Schematic of the procedure to measure the true depth of CC. CC was performed 100 times by a compression machine on both the floor and a mattress. The depth of CC via machine was consistently 5 cm. The depth of CC was monitored during each compression. The true depth of CC was analyzed as follows: one marker of dual infrared camera was placed on the sidewall of the compression machine, and the other on the lower side of the mannequin body wall ( Fig. 1 and this figure). The true depth was defined by subtracting the amount by which the mattress sank from the compression value set by the machine (5 cm). A, The amount by which the mattress sank. B, Compression value set by the machine (5 cm).
Fig. 3
Comparison of the true depth of CC with data from 2 devices (Shinnosukekun™ and CPRmeter™). CC was performed 100 times by a compression machine on both the floor (A) and a mattress (B). The depth of CC performed by the machine was consistently 5 cm. The depth of CC was monitored during each compression. We compared data from the feedback sensor (CPRmeter™ or Shinnosukekun™) with the true depth of CC. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc test. A P value less than .05 indicated a statistically significant difference. N.S., nonsignificant.
Fig. 4
Frequency of differences between the true depth and the measured value. CC was performed 100 times using a compression machine on both the floor (A) and a mattress (B). The frequencies of differences between the true depth and the measured value (cm) were determined. ▲ indicates data from Shinnosukekun™, and ♦ indicates data from the CPRmeter™.
Abstract
Background
Feedback devices are used to improve the quality of chest compression (CC). However, reports have noted that accelerometers substantially overestimate depth when cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is performed on a soft surface. Here, we determined whether a flexible pressure sensor could correctly evaluate the depth CC performed on a mannequin placed on a mattress.
Methods
Chest compression was performed 100 times/min by a compression machine on the floor or a mattress, and the depth of CC was monitored using a flexible pressure sensor (Shinnosukekun) and CPRmeter™. The depth of machine-performed CC was consistently 5 cm. We compared data from the feedback sensor with the true depth of CC using dual real-time auto feedback system that incorporated an infrared camera (CPR evolution™).
Results
On the floor, the true depth of CC was 5.0 ± 0.0 cm (n = 100), or identical to the depth of CC performed by the machine. The Shinnosukekun™ measured a mean (±SD) CC depth of 5.0 ± 0.1 cm (n = 100), and the CPRmeter™ measured a depth of 5.0 ± 0.2 cm (n = 100). On the mattress, the true depth of CC was 4.4 ± 0.0 cm (n = 100). The Shinnosukekun™ measured a mean CC depth of 4.4 ± 0.0 cm (n = 100), and the CPRmeter™ measured a depth of 4.7 ± 0.1 cm (n = 100). The data of CPRmeter™ were overestimated (P < .0001 between the true depth and the CPRmeter™-measured depth).
Conclusion
The Shinnosukekun™ could correctly measure the depth of CC on a mattress. According to our present results, the flexible pressure sensor could be a useful feedback system for CC performed on a soft surface.
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